Tag Archives: Spain

The Problem With Phony Money… by Bill Bonner

A bunch of virtually free gold and mercantile policies didn’t help 16th Century Spain much. From Bill Bonner at bonnerandpartners.com:

SALTA, ARGENTINA – Yesterday, we visited the museum in the center of Salta.

It is a museum of the history of the city and the province, set in the repurposed town hall in the main square.

We had begun the day by going to mass in the old cathedral across the square – an ornate and opulent example of Spanish colonial architecture.

The cathedral is magnificent. It is a classic cruciform building with barrel-vaulted ceilings and a large cupula in the center.

Behind its altar, in the apse, is one of the most spectacular, over-the-top sanctuary adornments we have ever seen.

There is so much gold leaf over so many decorative elements, sparkling, shining, reflecting light in every direction; it takes your breath away.

Spain First

Salta had never seemed like an attractive city.

But yesterday, we were surprised. After mass, we stopped for coffee at one of the outdoor cafes on the plaza.

The arcaded square – with the cathedral on one side and the town hall on the other – was splendid. In the center was a park with palm trees, green grass, and a huge granite monument.

Couples necked on the benches and families with young children strolled by. Nearby, a blind accordion player gave us fine renditions of tango favorites. The weather was perfect.

The museum is large with collections focused on three periods.

There is the pre-Hispanic period, with clay pots, arrowheads, and petroglyphs, some thousands of years old. Then there is a display of the colonial period followed by one of the War of Independence.

It was the colonial period we found most interesting. In particular, one room showed us samples of money used in the colonies and explained a bit about how the economy of the era worked.

We learned two things that may be of interest.

First, phony money always causes problems.

Second, “Spain First” didn’t work well back then, either.

To continue reading: The Problem With Phony Money

Italy at the Grim Edge of a Global Problem, by Don Quijones

You may be tired of hearing about Italy, but it’s only going to get worse. From Don Quijones at wolfstreet.com:

This trend is not your friend.

To be young, gifted, educated and Italian is no guarantee of financial security these days. As a new report by the Bruno Visentini Foundation shows, the average 20-year-old will have 18 years to wait before living independently — meaning, among other things, having a home, a steady income, and the ability to support a family. That’s almost twice as long as it took Italians who turned 20 in 2004.

A Worsening Trend

Eurostat statistics in October 2016 showed that less than a third of under-35s in Italy had left their parental home, a figure 20 percentage points higher than the European average. The trend is expected to worsen as the economy continues to struggle. Researchers said that for Italians who turn 20 in 2030, it will take an average of 28 years to be able to live independently. In other words, many of Italy’s children today won’t have “grown up” until they’re nearing their 50s.

That raises an obvious question: if Italy’s future generation of workers are expected to struggle to support themselves and their children until they’re well into their forties, how will they possibly be able to support the burgeoning ranks of baby boomers reaching retirement age (a staggeringly low 58 for men and 53 for women), let alone service the over €2 trillion of public debt the Italian government has accumulated (and which doesn’t include the untold billions it hopes to splash out on saving the banks)?

The trend could also have major implications for Italy’s huge stock of non-performing loans, which, unless resolved soon, threatens to overwhelm the country’s banking system. If most young Italians are not financially independent, who will buy the foreclosed homes and other properties that will flood the market once the soured loans and mortgages are finally removed from banks’ balance sheets?

To continue reading: Italy at the Grim Edge of a Global Problem

 

A New Crisis Is Brewing in Spain, by Don Quijones

This is a preview of coming attractions all over the world. From Don Quijones at wolfstreet.com:

The government raided the state pension fund. And now what?

When the Rajoy administration took the reins of power at the end of 2011, at the height of Spain’s debt crisis, the country’s Social Security fund had a surplus of over €65 billion, the result of a gradual accumulation of funds since the end of the 1990s. That money was supposed to serve as a nationwide nest egg to help cover the growing needs of Spain’s burgeoning ranks of pensioners. Instead, it has been used by the government to fill some of its own massive fiscal gaps, with the result that now, five years later, the total surplus has shrunk by 75%, to €15 billion.

Things have gotten so bad that in October the Spanish government was forced to admit to the European Commission that by the end of next year the surplus will have become a deficit, of around €2.6 billion. In other words, a fund that took 16 years to build up will have been plundered dry in less than half that time, at an average rate of around €11 billion a year.

The outflow reached torrential proportions this year. To date the government has removed over €19 billion from the fund — more than remains in its coffers. The biggest ever one-off withdrawal took place at the beginning of December when Spain’s new coalition government, with Mariano Rajoy still at the helm, plucked €9.5 billion out in one fell swoop. Part of the money will be used to cover the extra pay check Spanish civil servants receive at Christmas.

To continue reading: A New Crisis Is Brewing in Spain

Hit by Global Turmoil, Banks in Spain Get Jittery (Again), by Don Quijones

Which banking system will implode first, Italy’s or Spain’s? Here’s a look at the Spanish banking system, with a particular emphasis on their exposure to emerging markets, from Don Quijones at wolfstreet.com:

Big Trouble in Emerging Markets.

Banking stocks in Europe continue to benefit from the gravitational pull exerted by the so-called Trump effect. But the effects have not been felt universally. Monte dei Paschi di Siena, which is at the center of Italy’s banking crisis, has been reduced to a penny stock. The shares of Italy’s other large banks continue to trend downwards. And the problems in other national banking sectors have not gone away; they’ve just been consigned to the background. Such is the case in Spain, where the risks and challenges in the country’s banking system continue to bloom.

Spain’s Very Own Homegrown Monte dei Paschi.

The multiyear decline of Banco Popular, Spain’s fourth biggest bank, has been no less spectacular than Monte dei Paschi’s, having lost 98% of its stock value in the last nine years. The shares are now worth just €0.85 (compared to over €15 in 2007) and continue to shed value. Over 7% of its shares are being shorted by London and Connecticut-based hedge funds.

The biggest cause of concern is Popular’s plan to spin off €6 billion of impaired property assets into a vehicle optimistically christened “Sunrise,” which might not go far enough given the bank is estimated to have €30 billion of toxic assets festering on its balance sheets. In its latest report, S&P declined to downgrade Popular’s rating, though its choice of words at times, including “moderate solvency” and “ambitious plan” (to describe Sunrise), hardly inspire confidence.

To continue reading: Hit by Global Turmoil, Banks in Spain Get Jittery (Again)

 

Did Germany Just Blink? by Don Quijones

It appears that Germany’s going to go a lot easier on Spain and Portugal than it did with Greece. Is Brexit forcing Germany to play nice? From Don Quijones at wolfstreet.com:

So who’s going to bail out the banks?

A most unusual thing happened in Europe this week. In a rare climb down, Angela Merkel’s government decided not to push the European Commission to impose a punitive fine on Portugal and Spain for their persistent failure to comply with their budget deficit targets, leading one Eurogroup minister to declare that the euro zone’s Stability Pact is “dead.”

Of Europe’s 27 commissioners, only four voted in favor of applying the fines; the other 23 voted against. According to El País, the deciding factor in the decision was an impromptu phone call from German finance minister Wolfgang Schäuble to some of the more conservative commissioners, giving them the green light to forego the fine.

The U-turn offers Spanish and Portuguese taxpayers a brief but welcome respite from Troika-enforced fauxterity. As we previously pointed out, if the Commission had imposed the fine, it would not have been paid by the politicians who failed to play by the rules agreed upon in Brussels; it would have been paid by the citizenry who are already suffering the consequences of the recession that helped cause the deficits.

But does this rare act of benevolence from Germany represent a genuine shift in policy toward the Eurozone’s Club Med members or is it merely an act of political expedience?

Naturally, Schäuble and Juncker would much prefer Mariano Rajoy, a man cut from pretty much the same ideological cloth as themselves, to stay in power. Spain has been an important ally of Germany under Rajoy’s charge and the support of his party was essential in propelling Juncker into the European Commission’s top spot. What’s more, if Rajoy does eventually form a government, a new round of pre-ordained fauxterity will quickly kick in.

But there are also signs that Germany may be beginning to marginally soften its stance on austerity, prompting rating agency Fitch to lament Europe’s abandonment, once again, of fiscal discipline and economic reforms.

Merkel’s government seems to have realized that for the European project to have any kind of future in a post-Brexit world, it will have to offer a little more carrot and a little less stick. If it doesn’t, the single currency that enables German manufacturers to export at a discount rate all over the world will eventually crumble under the weight of its own contradictions.

“The problem is this,” warns U.S. rating agency Standard & Poor. “The EU, as it is currently constructed and operates, doesn’t embody a coherent ‘pooling’ of the various dimensions of nation-state sovereignty, and therefore it’s unsustainable in its current form.”

Put simply, the EU is a half-way house with too much democracy and nothing in the way of transfer union.

“There are too many moving parts in the electoral politics of 28 nation states, and too many conceivable random-like events that could push political and economic developments in one direction or another, with impossible-to-predict consequences and timelines,” the agency added.

The perfect case in point is Italy’s banking crisis. If the country’s struggling banks are not saved with a combination of public and private money — a process that, to all intents and purposes, began on Friday with the announcement of Monte dei Paschi’s suspension of the ECB’s stress test as well as a €5 billion capital expansion later this year — the resulting carnage could unleash not only a tsunami of financial contagion but also an unstoppable groundswell of political opposition to the EU.

To continue reading: Did Germany Just Blink?

ECB Admits: “We’re the Magic People” in a Clown Show, by Don Quijones

Headed-for-bankruptcy governments in Europe are able to borrow for fifty years at extremely low interest rates, thanks to European Central Bank lunacy. This, of course, will end badly. From Don Quijones at wolfstreet.com:

Negative-Interest-Rate absurdity is another “rabbit out of the hat.”

For the second time this year, Spain’s caretaker government just managed to sell 50-year bonds in a €3 billion ($3.4 billion) deal. Despite maturing in the year 2066, when many of us won’t even be alive and the duty to pay back the debt (assuming it still exists) will have been handed down to our children’s children, the bonds will pay an annual interest rate of just 3.45%. Not only that, but the issuance was over-subscribed by €7 billion.

This is a mind-blowing turn-up for a country that just four years ago needed an unprecedented bailout from the Troika to save its saving banks and avert total financial collapse. It is also a resounding testament to the power of central bank policy to turn economic reality on its head.

Less than three years ago, when Draghi had only just begun doing “whatever it takes” to save the single currency, the Spanish government had to pay a 5% yield to get investors to buy their one-year bonds. Now investors are willing to take 50-year bonds off the government’s hands in exchange for an annual interest rate of 3.45%, despite all the attendant risks involved.

While the Spanish economy has improved somewhat since then, that is largely due to the fact that the government has sacrificed long-term stability for short-term growth, going so far as to plunder half of the nation’s social security reserve fund in order to keep spending at its current levels. The remaining half is exclusively invested in Spanish bonds. Even Brussels now admits that Spain’s public debt is out of control.

To make matters worse, Spain doesn’t have an elected government to speak of and could struggle to form one even after the next round of elections, on June 26.

None of that seems to matter, though. Global investors, mostly from Germany, Austria, Switzerland, the UK, Ireland, US and Canada, are now so desperate for yield that they’re willing to hold their noses, say a few Hail Maries and place millions of euros of their clients’ money on a half-century gamble.

The longer the maturity a bond has, the further its value will drop in response to a rise in interest rates.That hasn’t stopped investors snapping up super long-term bonds from a number of European countries. In April, the French treasury flogged €9 billion of debt, with one tranche maturing in 2036 and the second in 2066. The interest it paid on each tranche was just 1.25% and 1.75% respectively. Italy, home to banks that are stuffed with as much as €360 billion of bad debt, is also “evaluating” demand for a possible 50-year offering. Some Treasurys have gone even further, with Ireland and Belgium both selling €100 million of 100-year bonds this year.

Obviously, none of this would be conceivable if it weren’t for the ECB’s increasingly unconventional interventions in the financial markets. Thanks to its rampant government (and soon to be corporate) debt buying, free bank lending and negative interest-rate setting, the global stock of negative-yielding debt is estimated to have reached $8.26 trillion by May 1, which is equivalent to 23.6% of global fixed-income assets. That’s up from $4.92 trillion at the start of the year.

To continue reading: ECB Admits: “We’re the Magic People” in a Clown Show

With Impeccable Timing, ‘Economic Miracle’ in Spain Unravel, by Don Quijones

The European Union on the verge.

Spain is falling apart. So is Italy, Greece, and Portugal. France is definitely worrisome. As SLL has argued, Europe is toast. From Don Quijones at wolfstreet.com:

Since the granddaddy of all housing bubbles popped in Spain between 2008 and 2009, unleashing one of the deepest recessions in living memory, the nation’s public debt has more than doubled, from just over 40% of GDP to almost exactly 100% today. Last year, despite the fact that Spain grew faster than almost any other European economy, the government managed to rack up a deficit of 5.2%, one full percentage point above the target that it had set itself a year earlier and over three percentage points above the Eurozone average.

It’s the third-highest deficit-to-GDP ratio in the Eurozone after Greece and Portugal. That’s some claim for Europe’s supposed economic success story.

This is the eighth consecutive year that Spain has overshot its fiscal target. Originally, the Spanish government was supposed to get its deficit back below the EU’s sacred limit of 3% of GDP by 2013. When it became clear during the darkest days of the crisis that it would be impossible, the deadline was extended by a year. A year later, Madrid had made so little progress that it got a further two-year extension, to 2016.

But still there’s no sign of progress. None of which should come as a surprise. As WOLF STREET warned in October, it was plain as day that the Spanish government would fail to rein in its spending during the run-up to a tightly fought general election. Brussels was completely aware of this fact and did nothing to address it, for obvious reasons: political expedience.

Brussels along with Spain’s big banks, corporate giants, and the Troika wanted the conservative Rajoy government to win December’s do-or-die general elections. They’d do “whatever it takes” to keep the narrative intact that the Spanish economy has never been better.

At the time, the European Commission postponed a negative opinion on the Spanish budget for 2016 that had been drawn up with one basic goal: to buy off as many gullible voters as it takes to tilt the electoral balance in the government’s favor. Austerity got suspended, spending was hiked, and tax cuts were brought forward. The idea was that everyone would go to vote feeling just a little better about the government.

Unfortunately for the Rajoy government, not enough Spanish voters were gullible enough to vote it back into power. Now in a strictly caretaker capacity, the government must try as hard as it can to pretend that it is doing everything it can to reduce this year’s budget, while doing absolutely nothing. Meanwhile, Europe’s Commissioners will work tirelessly around the clock trying to present the illusion that they actually believe them.

To continue reading: With Impeccable Timing, ‘Economic Miracle’ in Spain Unravel

Catalonia Nears Default, Threatens Spain’s Debt, by Don Quijones

From Don Quijones at wolfstreet.com:

When Catalonia’s regional government announced a road map to independence from Spain in November last year, Madrid’s response was to threaten to cut off the financial supply lines to the region. It was the equivalent of a declaration of economic war, riddled with risks, especially with an acutely cash-strapped Catalonia facing over €4.6 billion of bond redemptions in 2016.

Madrid’s strategy was economic madness, as we warned at the time: Catalonia’s economy accounts for 20% of Spain’s GDP. And international investors would freak out if roughly one-fifth of Spain’s economy suddenly plunged into a deep recession or became ungovernable. Investors might question the ability of the Spanish government to service its over €1 trillion in debt.

Now, that scenario might be in the process of coming true.

The words “bankrupt” and “default” are being used with disconcerting frequency in relation to Catalonia. The words are even making their way into the headlines of national newspapers, as fears grow that the region could be on the verge of descending into a Greece-like debt spiral. According to Regional President Carles Puigdemont earlier in March, Catalonia already missed payments on at least two bank loans.

Fitch just warned that Catalonia has grave liquidity problems that will require “proactive management of the debt” and “close collaboration with the central state,” which is about as likely as bullfighting getting banned across Spain.

Standard &Poor’s downgraded Catalan long-term debt to B+ and its short-term debt to B, with a negative outlook, thus pushing it deeper into junk (emphasis added):

In the next 12 months the political tensions between Spain’s central government and the regional government could escalate, adversely affecting the financial relations between both.

(I)n our opinion, Catalonia’s management of its short-term risks represents a much greater risk than we had previously thought and we have serious doubts about the region’s ability to cope with the short-term liquidity pressures it faces.

Our rating also reflects Catalonia’s weak budget management and high level of indebtedness. We believe that its liquidity levels are inadequate, due to its limited capacity to generate liquidity, which is compensated by the support of the central government…

In our base scenario, we estimate that Catalonia’s internal capacity to generate cash will cover only 40% of the liquidity needs it will have over the next 12 months…”

On the bright side, so to speak, S&P declined to downgrade Catalonia’s rating to “selective default,” on the grounds that the banks have agreed to extend the maturities of the debt (for now) and Catalonia has continued to service the interest due on that debt.

To continue reading: Catalonia Nears Default, Threatens Spain’s Debt

Investors, Creditors Getting Demolished by this Global Renewables Giant, by Don Quijones

From Don Quijones at wolfstreet.com:

Financial Fallout Spreads.

Abengoa Bioenergy US Holding filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on Wednesday, listing up to $10 billion in total liabilities, including an unsecured leveraged loan of $1.45 billion and unsecured bonds of $3.85 billion. It didn’t list its secured debts. The filing was prompted by involuntary bankruptcy petitions by three US grain suppliers, which claim to be owed more than $4 million in unpaid invoices – million with an “m,” that’s how out of money this outfit is.

The suppliers had reportedly been told by the company that its Spanish parent, Abengoa SA, which controls the “central treasury,” had run out of cash, Reuters reports. And they cited concerns that “the U.S. business was transferring cash and loan proceeds to Abengoa SA.”

Even by recent standards, Spain’s teetering green-energy giant Abengoa SA has not had a good week. First, its former President, Felipe Benjumea, and former CEO, Manuel Sanchez Ortega, faced the indignity of standing trial for malfeasance over the exorbitant payoffs they awarded themselves just months before the company hit the wall. In Sánchez Ortega’s case, he is also accused of sharing insider information about Abengoa’s finances with his new employer, the world’s biggest investment fund, BlackRock [read: The Mother of All Shorts].

During testimony, Sánchez Ortega claimed that it was pure coincidence that BlackRock had placed a sizable short position against Abengoa just weeks after hiring him, one of the few people with first-hand knowledge of the true state of the company’s accounts. Benjumea told the court that the only problem Abengoa suffers from is a liquidity pinch.

That’s right: the sole reason why the Seville-based company has had to file for preliminary bankruptcy and is just one month away from going down in history as Spain’s biggest ever corporate failure is that it’s a little short on cash at the moment.

It is, one assumes, the same reason why Abengoa is begging bondholders for an extension on the repayment of €500 million ($551.5 million) of bonds maturing next month.

To plug Abengoa’s “liquidity” shortfall, all the firm needs is €1.66 billion of fresh debt over the next two years, while it sheds assets and stages a tactical retreat from some of its key global markets, including Brazil and Mexico where it has left behind a vast trail of unpaid debt, cancelled operations, and unemployed workers.
The Spanish firm’s creditors, which include the so-called G7 group of banks (Santander, HSBC, Caixabank, Bankia, Popular, Sabadell and Crédit Agricole) who are owed over €5 billion, and its senior bondholders, including international investment firms like AIG, Invesco, D.E. Shaw, Varde Partners, Centerbridge Partners and Blackrock (no, seriously), are not too enamored with the idea of pouring a further €1.6 billion of “enhanced liquidity” down Abengoa’s bottomless pit.

To continue reading: Investors, Creditors Getting Demolished by this Global Renewables Giant

Population Deflation——–Spain, Germany, Italy Got It, by Mike Mish Shedlock

From Mike Mish Shedlock at davidstockmanscontracorner.com:

On the demographic front things are not looking so good for the eurozone.

With declining birth rates and the aging of the population, Mario Draghi will struggle to produce inflation in a population deflationary environment.

Spanish Birthrate Plummets

Please consider Spain Dying as its Birthrate Plummets.

Spain’s population will fall by more than five million over the next 50 years, according to a forecast that raises the prospect of even more “ghost villages” around the country.

In the first six months of this year, Spain recorded 225,924 deaths and 206,656 births, the national statistics institute reported. The country has not seen deaths exceed births consistently since the civil war, from 1936 to 1939, and before that the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic.

Time for Spain to Address its Plummeting birth rate?

The English version El Pais asks Is it time for Spain to address its plummeting birth rate?

Figures from the National Statistics Institute (INS) show there was a peak in 1944, with 23 births per 1,000 inhabitants. But that number bottomed out in 1998 when only nine births per 1,000 were reported.

“We have seen an incredible decline in the birth rate, which has been cut by half since 1975, and this trend is here to stay,” says Andrés, of the University of Palencia.

But for Julio Vinuesa, a demographer at Madrid’s Autónoma University, the study doesn’t provide any new information, but simply reiterates the fact that there has been “a drop” in Spanish birth rates.

“We are witnessing a rapid decline in births and it seems that nobody cares. In the short term it is a relief because it means less spending for families and for the state, and nobody is complaining because no one stops to think about the future consequences,” he says.

British economist Paul Wallace, author of Agequake, which investigates the causes and effects of population aging, has argued that the major investment for any society must be in its own replacement. In this case, Spain has failed.

For the past 10 years, Vinuesa has been pushing for “policies to encourage fertility.” But no one has listened to him.

Meanwhile, the plunge continues.

To continue reading: Population Deflation—Spain, Germany, Italy got It